Solar energy is an environmentally friendly, renewable form of energy. It harnesses sunlight to provide energy for homes and businesses. It can lower utility bills, reduce your carbon footprint, and help create a clean energy future.
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The Photovoltaics system (PV) uses a series cells made from semiconductor material to convert sunlight into electricity. When photons hit the semiconductor, they knock electrons loose from atoms.
Solar Panels
You`re probably familiar with the way photovoltaic cells (PVs) convert sunlight into electricity. The PV cells are sandwiched in between semi-conducting layers that become energized when photons strike them. This produces an electric field, which then channels electrons into an electrical current.
The most efficient PV cells are made using single-crystal or polycrystalline silicon. Single-crystal cells are more efficient and can reach efficiencies up to 23 percent. Polycrystalline cells are less efficient but cheaper to produce.
The best places to place solar panels are in areas where the sun is brightest and strongest throughout the day. The most efficient performance occurs when the Sun`s intensity is highest, which happens in summer. Depending on the location and time of year, they should also be facing away from trees or any other obstructions. They produce less power when the Sun is low or in winter, and their efficiency can decline when it`s dark.
Solar Cells
The PV cell or photovoltaic cells convert energy from sunlight into electricity. The energy can be used to power various devices.
Solar cells are usually made of a thin layer semiconductor material (usually silicon crystals). They can either be monocrystalline or polycrystalline, depending on their efficiency.
Solar cells can be manufactured in a number of ways, the most common being molten silicon casting. The single-crystal versions have the highest efficiencies.
When sunlight hits the silicon, it causes electrons to become free and move from the outer shell of the atom into the inner. This is called a flow and the electric field in the cell produces voltage.
Metal conductive plates are placed on the side of the solar cell to collect the electrons. These metal contacts transfer the current to the cell`s wires, which then can be used to power other items.
Inverters
Inverters convert the DC power generated by solar panels to AC power, also known as “line power,” which can be used in your home or office. This is done by quickly switching voltage and current back and forth. This is accomplished with a series of filters and other electronic devices, which produce a clean, repeating sine wave.
In addition, they are required to keep the frequency of the AC output in a range that makes it compatible with the electric grid. Inverters must therefore be able sense changes in frequency and other grid disturbances and respond accordingly.
Another function of inverters is to serve as a bridge between the grid and solar array. They have to decide how they will use the energy generated by a solar array.
Micro-inverters are one type of inverter. These inverters, which are placed behind each solar panel individually and are electrically separated from the rest panel array, are mounted behind the panels. The module is isolated from other modules that may be shaded, have debris or snow on them. This allows the module to perform at its maximum efficiency.
Wiring
Electrical wiring is a process that distributes electricity to outlets such as switches, sockets and lights. This distribution is most efficient when it is done properly in a place where the electricity is being used.
Wires consist of a conductor made from copper, steel or aluminum, and are wrapped in an insulating material. These insulators prevent free electrons from moving in one direction, making it safe and efficient to carry electricity through the wire.
There are two types of wires: solid and stranded. Solid wires are made of a single conductive strand and can be quite difficult to manipulate or move. Stranded wires, on the other hand are composed of many thin conductive strands which are tightly bundled to form a bigger wire.